St. Isaac of Nineveh - beautiful quote

Let yourself be persecuted but do not persecute others; be crucified but do not crucify others; be insulted but do not insult others; be slandered but do not slander others. Rejoice with those who rejoice and weep with those who weep. Such is the sign of purity. Suffer with the sick. Be afflicted with sinners. Exult with those who repent. Be the friend of all. But in your spirit remain alone....Spread your cloak over anyone who falls into sin and shield him. And if you cannot take his fault on yourself and accept punishment in his place, do not destroy his character. (-- St. Isaac of Nineveh)

SEJARAH GEREJA KATOLIK BEBAS - TRADISI KATOLIK AWALI

APAKAH ITU GEREJA KATOLIK AWALI?
Gereja Pendamaian Katolik (Reconciliation Catholic Church) mempunyai Rangkaian Kerasulan (Apostolic Succession) daripada beberapa rangkaian Gereja-Gereja Apostolik iaitu Gereja Antiokian-Yakobit, Katolik Romawi dan juga Katolik Awali. Di posting yang berikutnya kita akan menyelidiki sedikit sebanyak mengenai Apostolic Succession iaitu rangkaian kerasulan yang mana uskup-uskupnya dapat mengesan asal-usul pentahbisan mereka kembali kepada kedua belas para Rasul Kudus terutamanya Santo Petrus, putera para Rasul.


GEREJA KATOLIK BEBAS
DAN TRADISI GEREJA KATOLIK AWALI
(Old Catholic Church Tradition)
Umat Katolik Awali (Old Catholic) adalah satu pertubuhan Kristiani yang komited terhadap keperibadian Yesus Kristus dan ajaran-Nya. Kami menerima dan mempercayai kesaksian para Rasul-Nya, iaitu saksi-saksi Kehidupan, Kewafatan dan Kebangkitan-Nya dari antara orang mati. Mereka menurunkan kesaksian mereka mengenai Yesus Kristus dan Kehidupan-Nya dari generasi ke generasi yang lain. Melalui pengabaran Injil-Nya dan kesaksian mereka (yang dipanggil Tradisi Para Rasul - Apostolic Tradition), Gereja, yang diinstitusikan oleh Tuhan sendiri, didirikan. Umat Katolik Awali merupakan sebahagian daripada sejarah Gereja yang Satu, Kudus, Katolik dan Apostolik dan mempunyai asal-usulnya di dalam Gereja Katolik Purba daripada Negara Belanda.

SEJARAH GEREJA KATOLIK PURBA DI BELANDA
Santo Wilibrord menginjili kawasan Eropah yang dikenali sebagai Negara Tanah Rendah pada kurun ke Tujuh Masihi mendirikan Tradisi dan Iman Katolik di Belanda dan negara-negara di sekitarnya. Pada awalnya, tiga diosis utama didirikan di kota Utrecht, Deventer dan Haarlem bagi mentadbir hal-ehwal Gereja di kawasan tersebut. Utrecht akhirnya diangkat menjadi takhta keuskupan agung dan penyelia bagi kawasan Deventer dan Haarlem. Pada tahun 1145 Selepas Masihi, Blessed Pope Eugene ke-3 meluluskan permohonan yang dibuat oleh Conrad ke-3, iaitu Raja Empayar Kudus Roma, bersama Uskup Heribert dari Utrecht, untuk mengizinkan Cawangan Katedral di Utrecht supaya mempunyai hak untuk memilih pengganti Takhta pada masa kekosongan. Konsili ke-4 di Lateran mengesahkan keistimewaan ini pada tahun 1215. Sifat autonomi(kebebasan untuk mentadbir) Gereja Katolik Purba di Belanda dikuatkan lagi untuk kedua kalinya apabila Pope Leo ke-10, di dalam ‘Debitum Pastoralis’, yang diperakukan kepada Philip dari Burgundy, iaitu Uskup Utrecht yang ke-57, bahawa samada dia (Pope Leo X) mahupun para penggantinya, mahupun para pastor atau umat mereka, sama sekali tidak mempunyai hak untuk membangkitkan tribunal luaran, walaupun di bawah apa sahaja surat-surat tuntutan kerasulan; dan kesemua tindakan tersebut haruslah dianggap, ipso facto, tidak sah dan batal. Konsesi Paus pada tahun 1520 ini, adalah kepentingan utama di dalam pembelaan hak Gereja.

GEREJA BELANDA DAN ANCAMAN REFORMASI
Dilengkapi dengan perlindungan daripada konsesi paus, Gereja Belanda meneruskan pelayanan walaupun melalui zaman Reformasi. Pada saat kekacauan tersebut, Gereja di Belanda, seperti di kebanyakan Negara, terpaksa bersifat “bawah tanah” sebagai cara selamat. Sememangnya selamat dan kekal berkembang. Akhirnya, Uskup Agung Utrecht dan para pemimpin Gereja yang lain mencapai satu perjanjian tidak formal dengan kerajaan sivil, dimana Gereja boleh meneruskan ibadatnya secara terbuka tanpa gangguan daripada para Reformers.

ANJAKAN DARIPADA PENGASINGAN
Berikutan Konsili Vatikan Pertama pada tahun 1870 (di mana hirarki Gereja Belanda ditolak penyertaannya), satu bantahan yang besar dikalangan umat Katolik, terutamanya di German, Austria dan Switzerland, berlaku terhadap dogma “papal infallibility” (ajaran bahawa paus mempunyai kuasa mutlak dan tidak akan membuat kesalahan atau kekeliruan). Pembantah tersebut, sambil menerima bahawa Konsili Umum Gereja sebagai mutlak, tidak dapat menerima usul bahawa Paus, bertindak sendirian, di dalam hal moral dan iman adalah mutlak. Banyak komuniti-komuniti bebas ditubuhkan yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Katolik Awali. Mereka dipanggil Katolik Awali kerana mereka ingin mengekalkan kepercayaan dan amalan-amalan Gereja Katolik pada era selepas-Para Rasul. Komuniti-komuniti umat Katolik Awali membuat permohonan kepada Uskup Agung Utrecht yang telah mentahbis uskup-uskup pertama bagi komuniti tersebut. Akhirnya, di bawah pimpinan Gereja Belanda, komuniti Umat Katolik Awali bersatu membentuk Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Utrecht. Pada tahun 1908, Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Utrecht memperkenankan penubuhan misi di Great Britain. Uskup Agung Gerardus Gul dari Utrecht mentahbis Father Arnold Harris Matthew, Paderi Katolik Roma yang telah bersara, menjadi Uskup Kawasan bagi England. Uskup Matthew telah menugaskan untuk melayani di kalangan umat Anglo-Katolik dan Katolik Roma yang dihalang penyertaan penuh di dalam hidup dan sakramentum Gereja. Pada masa itu, Uskup Matthew telah mentahbis seorang bangsawan warga Austria, Prince Rudolph Edward de Landes Berghes pada 1913 bagi kerja di Scotland. Prince Rudolph (1873-1920) meninggalkan England dan kemudian berhijrah ke Amerika Syarikat semasa serangan Perang Dunia Pertama melanda.

MISI KE AMERIKA SYARIKAT
Uskup de Landes Berghes, walaupun dilanda masalah yang berat dan pengasingan daripada Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Utrecht atas tindakan Uskup Matthew yang tergesa-gesa manarik diri daripada Persekutuan tersebut, semasa di Amerika beliau mampu mendidik mengenai ekspresi bebas

di dalam Katolikisme. Beliau mengangkat dua orang paderi ke dalam keuskupan iaitu Carmel Henry Carfora dan William Francis Brothers. Setiap uskup ini, dengan cara tersendiri, meneruskan misi yang telah dimulakan oleh Uskup de Landes Berghes. Dengan pemergian pendahulu-pendahulu asal ini daripada pemerintahan ekklesiastikal, Gereja Katolik Awali di Amerika Syarikat telah berkembang daripada pentadbiran berpusat dengan struktur pelayanan yang alpa kepada model pentadbiran setempat dan berkawasan dengan diosis-diosis serta wilayah yang ditadbir sendiri sambil meneladani konsep-konsep yang diajar oleh Santo Ignatius dari Antioch iaitu, Gereja sebagai kesatuan

komuniti-komuniti yang bekerja bersama-sama untuk memberitakan ajaran Injil.


PERKEMBANGAN TERBARU
Atas cadangan daripada Uskup Agung Utrecht, Uskup-uskup Katolik Awali di Amerika Syarikat menubuhkan Majlis Uskup-uskup Katolik Bebas (Council of Independent Catholic Bishops) sebagai maksud untuk menyelaras misi pelayanan bersama-sama dan berfungsi sebagai forum komunikasi yang berkesan dalam merancang sambil bertukar-tukar pendapat. Sejak penubuhannya pada tahun 1982, Majlis tersebut telah berjaya mewujudkan kesedaran untuk bermuafakat di dalam tindakan dan tujuan di dalam hirarki Katolik Awali di Amerika Syarikat.


APAKAH IMAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN UMAT KATOLIK AWALI
Iman Katolik Awali hanyalah dari Gereja Katolik seperti yang diajarkan oleh Gereja semenjak dari zaman para rasul sehinggalah masa kini. Majlis-majlis sedunia dengan jelas menyatakan apa yang dipercayai oleh umat Katolik Awali tanpa alasan dan rasa kesal. Dalam tahun 1823, Uskup Agung Wilibrord van Os dari Utrecht berkali-kali menegaskan akan doktrin Katolikisme yang tidak berubah dalam ayat berikut:” Kami menerima tanpa sebarang pengecualian apa pun, segala Artikel-artikel dari Iman Katolik Kudus. Kami tidak akan menerima ataupun mengajar, sekarang atau pada masa akan datang, sebarang pendapat-pendapat selain daripada yang telah diputuskan, ditetapkan dan diumumkan oleh Gereja Kudus, iaitu Bunda kami…” Maka, Katolik Awali, mengesan Rangkaian Apostolik mereka melalui Gereja Katolik Roma kepada Para Rasul, seterusnya mengambil bahagian di dalam pelayanan kehidupan sakramen Gereja yang lengkap. Prinsip Iman bagi Katolik Awali ialah kesetiaan kepada Tradisi Para Rasul dan Kitab Suci.

Chaplet of The Divine Mercy in song - Be Blessed!!!

PENTARKI - 5 TAKHTA PENTADBIRAN UTAMA ZAMAN KRISTIAN AWALI

Pentarchy dalam bahasa Yunani bermaksud “diperintah oleh lima”. Di dalam sejarah Kristian, perkataan ini digunakan merujuk kepada pentadbiran seluruh Gereja Kristian oleh Lima Takhta Agung atau Patriarkat Awali pada zaman purba Kristian.

Pentarki semasa Empayar Roman


Encyclopedia Britannica mendefinisikan Pentarki sebagai “pengusulan pemerintahan dunia Kristiani secara sejagat oleh kelima takhta patriakal sebagai tanda kesatuan empayar universal. Teori ini dirumuskan di dalam perundangan maharaja Justinian I (527-565), dan mendapat persetujuan ekklesiastikal secara rasminya semasa Konsili di Trullo (692).”


Teori Pentarki ini adalah berdasarkan hak keistimewaan dan kekuasaan bahawa takhta-takhta yang dipersoalkan mendapat penghormatan di antara mereka sebelum abad ke empat lagi. Bagi Justinian dan Konsili Trullo, kelima-lima patriark ini dianggotai oleh Uskup Roma dan mereka yang diklasifikasikan sebagai Ortodoks Yunani, tetapi tidak termasuk mereka yang menolak Konsili Chalcedon.

Takhta-takhta mengikut turutan dan kerasulan yang dianggap adalah pengasas patriarkat tersebut:


1. Rome (Sts. Peter and Paul)


2. Constantinople (St. Andrew)


3. Alexandria (St. Mark)


4. Antioch (St. Peter)


5. Jerusalem (St. James)

Daripada lima takhta tersebut, hanya Roma sahaja di bawah Empayar Barat – Romawi. Kanun 6 di dalam Konsili Nicaea Pertama (325) menyebut mengenai hak kekuasaan yang telah diamalkan oleh Roma, Alexandria, dan Antiokia, bandar-bandar utama Kristiani pada zaman itu, dan kanun 7 menyetujui bahawa kehormatan khas diberikan kepada Jerusalem, yang bukan takhta metropolitan serta belum mempunyai kekuasaan terhadap wilayah-wilayah yang lain. Berdasarkan ekklesiologi Gereja Timur, turutan yang telah lama ditentukan adalah: Roma, diikuti oleh Iskandariah (Alexandria) diikuti oleh Antiokia, diikuti Jerusalem – pentadbiran hirarki yang diberi penghormatan diantara empat Takhta-Takhta Kerasulan yang setara. Takhta Istanbul (Constantinople) disenaraikan kedua selepas Roma di dalam kanun 3 Konsili Constantinople Pertama pada 359 dan kanun 28 Konsili Chalcedon 451, yang mana kedua-duanya ditolak oleh Roma pada masa tersebut.

Gereja Ortodoks Timur memperakui Paus sebagai Patriark Barat, yang di luar-kesatuan dan bukan lagi empat tetapi memperakui sembilan Patriark di dalam kesatuannya.


Di dalam konstitusi ‘Lumen Gentium’ yang dinyatakan semasa Konsili Vatikan Kedua mengatakan,”gereja-gereja patriakal purba” sebagai antara gereja, “yang merupakan Iman induk yang diturunkan, telah memperanakkan gereja-gereja lain sebagai puterinya, dengan mempunyai pertalian pada zaman kita melalui ikatan kerahiman di dalam kehidupan sakramentum mereka dan di dalam saling menghormati akan hak-hak serta kewajipan mereka.”

Pada masa kini, Takhta Roma adalah pusat keuskupan Gereja Katolik Roma, Takhta Konstantinopel merupakan keuskupan utama (kurang berpusat) bagi Gereja Ortodoks Timur dan Takhta Alexandria ialah keuskupan penting bagi Ortodoks Oriental.

Pentarki Ortodoks Timur kurun ke-17


Pada tahun 1589 keuskupan metropolitan Moscow menjadi patriakati bebas (dan bukan lagi di bawah kelolaan bekas patriakati Ekumenikal Byzantin Konstantinopel), sebahagian Ortodoks menganggap ini sebagai pentarki yang baru, merangkumi Konstantinopel (Istanbul), Moscow (menggantikan Katolik Roma), Antiokia, Jerusalem dan Alexandria. Walaubagaimanapun jabatan Patriarkat Moscow dibiarkan kosong selepas 1700 dan dihapuskan secara rasmi pada 25 Januari 1721. Pada kurun yang baru ini, banyak patriarkat membentuk cabang nasional bagi Gereja Ortodoks Timur yang bersifat Autocephalous (pentadbiran bebas tanpa pengaruh kuasa luar) telah ditubuhkan.


LIMA TAKHTA PENTARKI ABAD KE-21 INI

Mari kita panjatkan hormat, kasih dan doa kita kepada hamba - hamba Tuhan kita ini yang juga
waris bagi Takhta - Takhta Kerasulan/Apostolik iaitu Uskup Agung Roma, Konstantinopel, Alexandria, Antiokia dan Yerusalem. Semoga Bapa - bapa Suci ini melayani demi kemuliaan Allah Bapa kita yang Mahakuasa serta demi kesatuan Gerejani Sejagat.

Patriark Latin - Barat dan Kota Suci Roma

Bapa Suci Benedict XVI

(2005 - kini)

 

Bapa Suci Bartholomew I,

Uskup Agung Konstantinopel - Kota Roma Baru dan Ekumenikal Patriark

(1991 - kini)

Bapa Suci Shenouda III dari Alexandria,

Paus Alexandria dan Patriark Seluruh Afrika

Bagi Takhta Kerasulan Kudus Santo Markus Penginjil;

Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Alexandria.

(1971 - kini)

Patriark Ignatius IV (Hazim) dari Antiokia;

Primat Ortodoks Yunani Autocephalous, Patriarkat bagi Antiokia

(1979 - kini)

Yang Berbahagia dan Teramat Saleh, Theophilus III,

Patriark Kota Suci Yerusalem dan seluruh Palestine, Syria, Arabia, melewati Sungai Jordan, Kana di Galilee, dan Zion Kudus.

(2005 - kini)

ST. GREGORIOS PARUMALA (INDIA)

" Avoid arrogance, quarrel and pride while dealing in Church matters; instead, let your humility shine before others. Those who place their trust in God, and satisfy the people are blessed "

" As far as possible never do evil to anyone: or it will ruin you, your children and your house. Hold on steadfastly to prayer, fasting and works of charity. Do them with faith and devotion "

" You must regularly read the Holy Bible. You must obey your spiritual fathers and increase their good name and honor before God and men by your exemplary life "

" Those who disobey their parents and join their enemies are liable to be cursed by them. They will not inherit the legacy of their parents and will be disqualified from this world as well as the other "

" If there is quarrel in family, keep away from it. A quarrelsome house is the haven of the devil; and God is nowhere near it "

" Be rich in love of man and love of God. Brothers should never cheat each other. When you move away from unity you are sure to move away from God "

" It is not spiritual wisdom to try to conquer the enemy with evil than with virtue. If you depend on the God of Truth and go out with a truthful heart, God will accomplish things for you "

" Loss and difficulties come when God moves away. On such occasions, never look for one reason or other. Instead, know that God has kept away because of your sins: then cling to God, he will show mercy upon you "
" Prayer is the inspiration of childhood, the refuge of youth and peace during old age "

" Forgiveness is strength. It gives a person a good name. It is the distinguishing feature of righteous people "

" When we pray with a heart full of devotion, God accepts it and we receive blessings in return "

" Whatever is due to the Church must be given forthwith. If your mind is pure in that matter, your house will also be pure. If in such things you think of any gain or revenue, then you will lose that ten-fold "

" He who prays to God everyday would never be without truth, morality, faith and devotion, and would never turn against his master or society "

" Remember God in everything. Let no one grieve because of you. Never let go an opportunity to do something good. Only those things will remain with you till the end "

" If man does not raise his hands in prayer for himself and for the sake of his people, even after knowing God, how can we say man is better than animals who are not wise and cannot think about their future"

Wonderworker and Unmercenary Cosmas of Asia Minor

The Holy Wonderworkers and Unmercenary Physicians Cosmas and Damian and their mother St Theodota were natives of Asia Minor (some sources say Mesopotamia). Their pagan father died while they were still quite small children. Their mother raised them in Christian piety. Through her own example, and by reading holy books to them, St Theodota preserved her children in purity of life according to the command of the Lord, and Cosmas and Damian grew up into righteous and virtuous men.


Trained and skilled as physicians, they received from the Holy Spirit the gift of healing people's illnesses of body and soul by the power of prayer. They even treated animals. With fervent love for both God and neighbor, they never took payment for their services. They strictly observed the command of our Lord Jesus Christ, "Freely have you received, freely give." (Mt. 10:8). The fame of Sts Cosmas and Damian spread throughout all the surrounding region, and people called them unmercenary physicians.

Once, the saints were summoned to a grievously ill woman named Palladia, whom all the doctors had refused to treat because of her seemingly hopeless condition. Through faith and through the fervent prayer of the holy brothers, the Lord healed the deadly disease and Palladia got up from her bed perfectly healthy and giving praise to God. In gratitude for being healed and wishing to give them a small gift, Palladia went quietly to Damian. She presented him with three eggs and said, "Take this small gift in the Name of the Holy Life-Creating Trinity, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit." Hearing the Name of the Holy Trinity, the unmercenary one did not dare to refuse.

When St Cosmas learned what had happened, became very sad, for he thought that his brother had broken their strict vow. On his deathbed he gave instructions that his brother should not be buried beside him. St Damian also died shortly afterward, and everyone wondered where St Damian's grave should be. But through the will of God a miracle occurred. A camel, which the saints had treated for its wildness, spoke with a human voice saying that they should have no doubts about whether to place Damian beside Cosmas, because Damian did not accept the eggs from the woman as payment, but out of respect for the Name of God. The venerable relics of the holy brothers were buried together at Thereman (Mesopotamia).

Many miracles were worked after the death of the holy unmercenaries. There lived at Thereman, near the church of Cosmas and Damian, a certain man by the name of Malchus. One day he went on a journey, leaving his wife all alone for what would be a long time. He prayerfully entrusted her to the heavenly protection of the holy brothers. But the Enemy of the race of mankind took on the appearance of one of Malchus' friends, and planned to kill the woman. A certain time went by, and this man went to her at home and said that Malchus had sent him to bring her to him. The woman believed him and went along. He led her to a solitary place intending to kill her. The woman, seeing that disaster threatened her, called upon God with deep faith.

Two fiercesome men then appeared, and the devil let go of the woman and fled, falling off a cliff. The two men led the woman home. At her own home, bowing to them deeply she asked, " My rescuers, to whom I shall be grateful to the end of my days, what are your names?"

They replied, "We are the servants of Christ, Cosmas and Damian," and became invisible. The woman with trembling and with joy told everyone about what had happened to her. Glorifying God, she went up to the icon of the holy brothers and tearfully offered prayers of thanksgiving for her deliverance. And from that time the holy brothers were venerated as protectors of the holiness and inviolability of Christian marriage, and as givers of harmony to conjugal life. From ancient times, their veneration spread also to Russia.

The Unmercenary Saints Cosmas and Damian of Asia Minor should not be confused with the Unmercenary Saints Cosmas and Damian of Rome (July 1), or the Unmercenary Saints Cosmas and Damian of Arabia (October 17).

Apostle and Evangelist Luke

The Holy Apostle and Evangelist Luke, was a native of Syrian Antioch, a companion of the holy Apostle Paul (Phil.1:24, 2 Tim. 4:10-11), and a physician enlightened in the Greek medical arts. Hearing about Christ, Luke arrived in Palestine and fervently accepted the preaching of salvation from the Lord Himself. As one of the Seventy Apostles, St Luke was sent by the Lord with the others to preach the Kingdom of Heaven during the Savior's earthly life (Luke 10:1-3). After the Resurrection, the Lord Jesus Christ appeared to Sts Luke and Cleopas on the road to Emmaus.

Luke accompanied St Paul on his second missionary journey, and from that time they were inseparable. When Paul's coworkers had forsaken him, only Luke remained to assist him in his ministry (2 Tim. 4:10-11). After the martyric death of the First-Ranked Apostles Peter and Paul, St Luke left Rome to preach in Achaia, Libya, Egypt and the Thebaid. He ended his life by suffering martyrdom in the city of Thebes.

Tradition credits St Luke with painting the first icons of the Mother of God. "Let the grace of Him Who was born of Me and My mercy be with these Icons," said the All-Pure Virgin after seeing the icons. St Luke also painted icons of the First-Ranked Apostles Peter and Paul. St Luke's Gospel was written in the years 62-63 at Rome, under the guidance of the Apostle Paul. In the preliminary verses (1:1-3), St Luke precisely sets forth the purpose of his work. He proposes to record, in chronological order, everything known by Christians about Jesus Christ and His teachings. By doing this, he provided a firmer historical basis for Christian teaching (1:4). He carefully investigated the facts, and made generous use of the oral tradition of the Church and of what the All-Pure Virgin Mary Herself had told him (2:19, 51).

In St Luke's Gospel, the message of the salvation made possible by the Lord Jesus Christ, and the preaching of the Gospel, are of primary importance.

St Luke also wrote the Acts of the Holy Apostles at Rome around 62-63 A.D. The Book of Acts, which is a continuation of the four Gospels, speaks about the works and the fruits of the holy Apostles after the Ascension of the Savior. At the center of the narrative is the Council of the holy Apostles at Jerusalem in the year 51, a Church event of great significance, which resulted in the separation of Christianity from Judaism and its independent dissemination into the world (Acts 15:6-29). The theological focus of the Book of Acts is the coming of the Holy Spirit, Who will guide the Church "into all truth" John 16:13) until the Second Coming of Christ.

The holy relics of St Luke were taken from Constantinople and brought to Padua, Italy at some point in history. Perhaps this was during the infamous Crusade of 1204. In 1992, Metropolitan Hieronymus (Jerome) of Thebes requested the Roman Catholic bishop in Thebes to obtain a portion of St Luke's relics for the saint's empty sepulchre in the Orthodox cathedral in Thebes.

The Roman Catholic bishop Antonio Mattiazzo of Padua, noting that Orthodox pilgrims came to Padua to venerate the relics while many Catholics did not even know that the relics were there, appointed a committee to investigate the relics in Padua, and the skull of St Luke in the Catholic Cathedral of St Vico in Prague.

The skeleton was determined to be that of an elderly man of strong build. In 2001, a tooth found in the coffin was judged to be consistent with the DNA of Syrians living near the area of Antioch dating from 72-416 A.D. The skull in Prague perfectly fit the neck bone of the skelton. The tooth found in the coffin in Padua was also found to fit the jawbone of the skull.

Bishop Mattiazzo sent a rib from the relics to Metropolitan Hieronymus to be venerated in St Luke's original tomb in the Orthodox cathedral at Thebes.